Does the first amendment guarantee freedom of speech?

Yes there are some other exceptions. They generally relate to time, place and manner of speech. Like you do not have a right to yell "fire" in a crowded theater, thus endangering the lives of others. You do not have a right to approach people or hand them leaflets in a privately owned shopping mall (private property). You do not have a right to be a nuisance by trying to speak out after midnight in places where people are trying to get some sleep.